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Exoplanet records
Which exoplanet is closest to Earth? Which is the smallest? Which has the shortest year? The tables below answer with official NASA data, and the prose explains why each record is absurd.
The 15 exoplanets closest to Earth
| # | Planet | Star | Distance (light years) | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Proxima Cen b | Proxima Cen | 4.24 | 2016 |
| 2 | Proxima Cen d | Proxima Cen | 4.24 | 2025 |
| 3 | Barnard b | Barnard's star | 5.96 | 2024 |
| 4 | Barnard c | Barnard's star | 5.96 | 2025 |
| 5 | Barnard d | Barnard's star | 5.96 | 2025 |
| 6 | Barnard e | Barnard's star | 5.96 | 2025 |
| 7 | eps Eri b | eps Eri | 10.45 | 2000 |
| 8 | GJ 887 b | GJ 887 | 10.72 | 2020 |
| 9 | GJ 887 c | GJ 887 | 10.72 | 2020 |
| 10 | GJ 887 d | GJ 887 | 10.72 | 2026 |
| 11 | GJ 887 e | GJ 887 | 10.72 | 2026 |
| 12 | Ross 128 b | Ross 128 | 11.01 | 2017 |
| 13 | Gl 725 A b | Gl 725 A | 11.49 | 2025 |
| 14 | GJ 15 A b | GJ 15 A | 11.62 | 2014 |
| 15 | GJ 15 A c | GJ 15 A | 11.62 | 2018 |
The smallest and the largest (radius in Earths)
| Smallest | Radius | Largest | Radius |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kepler-37 b | 0.31 | V2376 Ori b | 87.2 |
| Kepler-879 c | 0.40 | HD 100546 b | 77.3 |
| Kepler-444 b | 0.40 | GQ Lup b | 33.6 |
| Kepler-158 d | 0.43 | Kepler-297 d | 32.6 |
| Kepler-102 b | 0.46 | Kepler-1979 b | 29.3 |
| Kepler-444 c | 0.50 | TOI-1408 b | 25.0 |
| KOI-4777.01 | 0.51 | CT Cha b | 24.7 |
| Kepler-1994 b | 0.51 | HAT-P-67 b | 24.0 |
| Kepler-1489 c | 0.51 | TOI-3540 A b | 23.5 |
| Kepler-1308 b | 0.52 | XO-6 b | 23.2 |
Extreme orbital periods (the length of the year)
| Shortest year | Length | Longest year | Length |
|---|---|---|---|
| PSR J1719-1438 b | 2.2 hours | CFHTWIR-Oph 98 b | 22,012 years |
| ZTF J1828+2308 b | 2.7 hours | Oph 11 b | 19,986 years |
| M62H b | 3.2 hours | VHS J125601.92-125723.9 b | 15,880 years |
| KOI-1843.03 | 4.2 hours | b Cen AB b | 4,901 years |
| K2-137 b | 4.3 hours | HR 8799 b | 465 years |
| KIC 10001893 b | 5.3 hours | HD 143811 AB b | 320 years |
| TOI-2431 b | 5.4 hours | HIP 81208 C b | 285 years |
| ZTF J1230-2655 b | 5.7 hours | HD 105618 c | 211 years |
| TOI-6255 b | 5.7 hours | HD 62364 c | 205 years |
| KOI-55 b | 5.8 hours | HR 8799 c | 189 years |
The galactic book of records
The next door neighbor: Proxima Cen b orbits the closest star to the Sun, 4.24 light years away. Sounds like it is around the corner, yet the fastest probe ever built would take tens of thousands of years to get there. Better order in.
The runt: Kepler-37 b has a radius of 0.31 Earths, barely bigger than our Moon. Catching it in transit was like spotting a mosquito crossing a lighthouse beam from miles away.
The heavyweight: V2376 Ori b enters the catalog at 87.2 Earth radii. Objects like this, measured by direct imaging while still young and puffed up, flirt with the border between giant planet and brown dwarf. The planet club lets them in, but keeps an eye on them.
The lightning year: on PSR J1719-1438 b a year lasts 2.2 hours. Yes, hours: the planet finishes an entire orbit before a work shift ends. It circles a pulsar and is probably the crystallized core of a dead star, which earned it the nickname of diamond planet.
The unhurried year: CFHTWIR-Oph 98 b takes about 22,012 years to loop its star once. If it threw birthday parties, the entire civilization that lit the first candles would be gone by the second.
Source: NASA Exoplanet Archive (Planetary Systems table, default solutions only), snapshot of 2026-07-09. Standard acknowledgment required by the archive: This research has made use of the NASA Exoplanet Archive, which is operated by the California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under the Exoplanet Exploration Program.
Last updated: · Methodology and sources