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Roman numerals converter

Reference table

The rules (and why 4 is not IIII)

Seven symbols: I=1, V=5, X=10, L=50, C=100, D=500, M=1000. A smaller symbol before a larger one subtracts (IV=4, IX=9, XL=40, XC=90, CD=400, CM=900); after, it adds. Only I, X and C may subtract, and only from symbols up to 10x their value. That is why 1994 is MCMXCIV, not MIM. Classical notation has no zero and stops at 3999 (beyond that, Romans drew a bar over the symbol to multiply by a thousand). Where you still meet them: centuries, monarchs and popes, book chapters, clock faces and the Super Bowl.

Last updated: 2026-07-09 · Methodology and sources